Standardized on-road tests assessing fitness-to-drive in people with cognitive impairments: A systematic review.

The on-road assessment is the gold standard because of its ecological validity. Yet existing instruments are heterogeneous and little is known about their psychometric properties. This study identified existing on-road assessment instruments and extracted data on psychometric properties and usability in clinical settings. A systematic review identified studies evaluating standardized on-road evaluation instruments adapted for people with cognitive impairment. Published articles were searched on PubMed, CINHAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Study quality and the level of evidence were assessed using the COSMIN checklist. The collected data were synthetized using a narrative approach. Usability was subjectively assessed for each instrument by extracting information on acceptability, access, cost, and training. The review identified 18 published studies between 1994 and 2016 that investigated 12 different on-road evaluation instruments: the Performance-Based Driving Evaluation, the Washington University Road Test, the New Haven, the Test Ride for Practical Fitness to Drive, the Rhode Island Road Test, the Sum of Manoeuvres Score, the Performance Analysis of Driving Ability, the Composite Driving Assessment Scale, the Nottingham Neurological Driving Assessment, the Driving Observation Schedule, the Record of Driving Errors, and the Western University's On-road Assessment. Participants were mainly male (64%), between 48 and 80 years old, and had a broad variety of cognitive disorders. Most instruments showed reasonable psychometric values for internal consistency, criterion validity, and reliability. However, the level of evidence was poor to support any of the instruments given the low number of studies for each. Despite the social and health consequences of decisions taken using these instruments, little is known about the value of a single evaluation and the ability of instruments to identify expected changes. None of the identified on-road evaluation instruments seem currently adapted for clinical settings targeting rehabilitation and occupational priorities rather than road security alone. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018103276

Reliability of P-drive in occupational therapy following a short training session: A promising instrument measuring seniors' on-road driving competencies

Introduction Occupational therapists could play an important role in facilitating driving cessation for ageing drivers. This, however, requires an easy-to-learn, standardised on-road evaluation method. This study therefore investigates whether use of P-drive' could be reliably taught to occupational therapists via a short half-day training session. Method Using the English 26-item version of P-drive, two occupational therapists evaluated the driving ability of 24 home-dwelling drivers aged 70 years or over on a standardised on-road route. Experienced driving instructors' on-road, subjective evaluations were then compared with P-drive scores. Results Following a short half-day training session, P-drive was shown to have almost perfect between-rater reliability (ICC2,1=0.950, 95% CI 0.889 to 0.978). Reliability was stable across sessions including the training phase even if occupational therapists seemed to become slightly less severe in their ratings with experience. P-drive's score was related to the driving instructors' subjective evaluations of driving skills in a non-linear manner (R-2=0.445, p=0.021). Conclusion P-drive is a reliable instrument that can easily be taught to occupational therapists and implemented as a way of standardising the on-road driving test

Visiting Out-of-Home Places when Living with Dementia.

Persons living with dementia face a reduction of their life space outside home and disengagement from participation, linked to places visited. This study explored stability and change in perceived participation in places visited outside home and its relationship with occupational gaps among older adults. Older adults living with (n = 35) or without (n = 35) dementia were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire and the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ). Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. The group of people living with dementia reported significantly fewer places (p < .001) visited than the comparison group and having abandoned more places visited (p < .001) than the comparison group. The number of occupational gaps was significantly different between groups (p < .001). Participation outside home is not influenced in a uniform and straightforward way for persons living with dementia; the shrinking world effect appears differently in relation to types of places

Development of the International Expert Advisory Panel on Community Health and Transport (I-CHaT) to coordinate research on transport mobility

Unsworth, CA ORCiD: 0000-0001-6430-2823Editorial: British Journal of Occupational Therapy 2018, Vol. 81(5) 245–246 During the past 10 years, there has been a major shift in our understanding of the nexus between transportation and health. Health concerns evolved from road safety alone to encompass a broader view of the important relationships between transportation mobility and engagement in out-of-home activities. Occupational therapists have a leading role in this area, reflecting the American Occupational Therapy Association (2014) Occupational Therapy Practice Framework that includes driving and community mobility as an important Instrumental Activity of Daily Living

Development of the International Expert Advisory Panel on Community Health and Transport (I-CHaT) to coordinate research on transport mobility

Editorial: British Journal of Occupational Therapy 2018, Vol. 81(5) 245–246 During the past 10 years, there has been a major shift in our understanding of the nexus between transportation and health. Health concerns evolved from road safety alone to encompass a broader view of the important relationships between transportation mobility and engagement in out-of-home activities. Occupational therapists have a leading role in this area, reflecting the American Occupational Therapy Association (2014) Occupational Therapy Practice Framework that includes driving and community mobility as an important Instrumental Activity of Daily Living

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2019. New and updated individual cruise datasets.

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (>100 contributors). SOCATv2019 has 25.7 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations from 1957 to 2019 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Calibrated sensor data are also available. Automation allows annual, public releases. SOCAT data is discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy. This publication contains the individual cruise files that are new or updated from SOCATv6, with cruise QC flags A-E and all fCO2 WOCE flags. The synthesis file hosted in NOAA NCEI (see other version) contains A-D cruises and WOCE flag 2 (good) data. To download the SOCATv2019 data product in other formats or subsets, please go to www.socat.info